Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
Introduction
Robinson Crusoe is one of the earliest and most famous English novels. Written by Daniel Defoe in 1719, it tells the story of a man who survives alone on a deserted island for many years. At first, it may seem like just an adventure story. But when we look deeper, we find that the novel talks about important topics like colonialism, religion, survival, and human nature.
Crusoe as a Symbol of European Man
Robinson Crusoe is not just a character. He is a symbol of the European man of the 18th century — brave, independent, and full of confidence. Crusoe believes that he can control nature and rule over other people, especially when he calls himself the “king” of the island. This shows how European countries at the time thought they had the right to rule over lands and people they considered “uncivilized.”
"I was king and lord of all this country indefensibly." — Crusoe
This quote shows his colonial mindset — that he sees himself as the owner of the land, even though it is not his by right.
Religion and Spiritual Growth
When Crusoe first lands on the island, he feels hopeless and afraid. But slowly, he turns to God and begins to read the Bible. His faith grows, and he starts to pray regularly. His time on the island becomes not just a fight to survive, but also a journey of the soul. He learns to be thankful, patient, and humble.
Defoe, a religious man himself, uses Crusoe’s experience to show how suffering can bring someone closer to God.
"I learned to look more upon the bright side of my condition and less upon the dark side."
Friday and the Idea of the 'Other'
One of the most important parts of the novel is when Crusoe meets Friday, a native man whom he rescues from cannibals. Crusoe teaches Friday English and converts him to Christianity. He also makes Friday call him “master.” This shows how Crusoe sees himself as superior, just because he is European and Christian.
Many critics say this part of the novel supports colonialism and racism, because it presents European culture as better and treats other cultures as wild or savage.
Survival and Human Effort
Despite the problems in Crusoe’s thinking, the novel also shows the power of human effort and intelligence. Crusoe survives by using his mind and hands. He builds a house, grows food, makes clothes, and keeps a record of his days. This part of the novel teaches us about the value of hard work and creativity.
Conclusion
Robinson Crusoe is both a great adventure story and a serious book about life, religion, and human power. But it also has a colonial attitude that shows the thinking of its time. Today, we can enjoy the novel while also thinking critically about its ideas. It helps us understand not just literature, but also history, culture, and human beliefs.
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